Major Difference Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp

 

Major Difference Staphylococcus spp.           and Streptococcus spp

Keerthi vasan R

What is Staphylococcus spp:

staphylococcus, (genus Staphylococcus), group of spherical bacteria, the best-known species of which are universally present in great numbers on the mucous membranes and skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals. The term staphylococcus, generally used for all the species, refers to the cells’ habit of aggregating in grapelike clusters.


What is Streptoccus spp:

streptococcus, (genus Streptococcus), group of spheroidal bacteria belonging to the family Streptococcaceae. The term streptococcus (“twisted berry”) refers to the bacteria’s characteristic grouping in chains that resemble a string of beads. Streptococci are microbiologically characterized as gram-positive and nonmotile.


Major Difference:

Common Characters:

 Staphylococcus

 Streptococcus

 Gram Staining

 Gram positive organisms

 Gram positive organisms

 Motility

 Non-motile

 Non-motile

 Endospores

 Non-Sporing

 Non-Sporing

 Resipiration

 Facultative anaerobes

 Facultative anaerobes

 Pathogenic Species


Staphylococcus aureus,

Staphylococcus epidermidis,

Staphylococcus haemolyticus,

Staphylococcus hominis,

Staphylococcus saprophyticus, etc.


Streptococcus pyogenes,

Streptococcus agalactiae,

Streptococcus bovis,

Streptococcus  pneumoniae, etc.


Structural Differance:

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Spherical cells in clusters

Spherical or ovoid cells in

Grape-like clusters.

A chain of round cells.

Irregular division in all three planes.

Division in one linear direction.

Staphylococci divide in various directions (multiple axes).

Division occurs in one linear direction (single axis).


General Characters Both:

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Enriched Media

Staph does not need enriched media (not fastidious).

Strep needs enriched media (fastidious).

Habitat

Staphylococci are found on the skin.

Streptococci are found in the respiratory tract.

Species Number

About 40 staphylococcal species have been identified so far

About 50 Streptococcal species  have been identified so far

Hemolysis

No hemolysis or beta hemolysis.

Either alpha, or beta or gamma hemolysis.

Halotolerance

Halotolerant. Can tolerate upto 8% salt concentration.

inhibited by high concentration of salt

Growth on Ordinary Culture Media

Possible

Not Possible

Nutritional requirement

Simple

Complex (fastidious organism)

Colony morphology

2-3 mm in diameter, circular, opaque golden yellow colonies  (Staphylococcus aureus)

b-haemolysis ,1 mm, circular, tiny needle tip colonies (Streptococcus pyogenes)

 Human Infection:

 

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Normal Flora

Staphylococci are found mostly on the skin as commensals.

Mucosal membrane of human and animals. Mostly found in the oral cavity and respiratory tract.

Virulence Factors

Polysaccharide capsule, slime layer, teicholic acid, lipoteicholic acid, adhesive proteins, clumping factor, protein A, exoenzymes ( DNase, hyalurinidase, phosphatase, lipase, exocoagulase, fibrinolysin), enterotoxin, exfoliative toxin, cytotoxins(a-haemolysin b- haemolysin d- haemolysin g-haemolysin, Leukocidin)

Lipoteicholic acid, F-protein, capsule, exotoxin, streptolysin S and O (haemolysin), Exoenzymes (hyaluronidase ,DNase, streptokinase)

Diseases caused

Food poisoning,  bacterial conjunctivitis, skin diseases, community-acquired meningitis, Pneumonia, Surgical Site Infection, Wound infection,  impetigo, cellulitis, toxic shock syndrome, osteomyelitis and endocarditis.

Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, Toxic shock syndrome,

Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease), sinusitis, blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns.

 

Types of Symptoms

The symptoms of the Staphylococcal infections can include fever, chills, low blood pressure and red, swollen, tender pimple-like bumps.

The symptoms of a Streptococcal infection can include fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, rash, red and weeping skin sores, confusion, and dizziness.



Lab Diagnosis:


Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Specimen

Pus,Wund,Sputum,Blood,Feces,Urine

Pus,Wund,Sputum,Blood,Feces,Urine

Motility

Non Motile

Non Motile

Catalase Test

Positive

Neagative

Coagulase Test

Positive

Negative

OxidaseTest

Negative

Neagative

Indole Test

Negative

Negative

MR Test

Positive

Positive

VP Test

Positive

Negative

Gelatin Liquefaction

Positive

Negative

Phosphatase Test

Positive

Negative

PYR Test

 

Negative

Positive

Neuramidase test

 

Negative

Positive

Hyaluronidase test

 

Negative

Positive

Arginine Dehydrolase

 

Negative

Positive


Treatment:

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Treatment options

Antibiotics like penicillin or methicillin if resistant. Vancomycin if MRSA

Penicillin / penicillin V amoxicillin



Streptococcus under a microscope:

With regards to shape, Streptococci may appear spherical or ovoid in shape. When viewed under the microscope, Streptococci occur in chains (resembling a string of beads) or in pairs. As is the case with other bacteria, the general shape of Streptococci is maintained by the manner in which they propagate.


Staphylococcus look like under a microscope:

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-spore-forming coccus. When looking at this organism under a microscope it appears to be in clusters that look like grapes. The round colonies appear to be golden in color hence the origin of the name aureus in Latin means “golden


                              


                   Staphylococcus                                                                   Streptococcus

 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ozone water purification

Image
OZONE (O3)  WATER         PURIFICATION  INTRODUCTION It is well acknowledged that ozone water purification is the most efficient   FDA-approved technique for getting rid of a variety of pollutants that are frequently present in water. Ozone, often known as O3, is a very potent oxidant since it is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Because of this property, ozone is significantly more powerful than chlorine at rendering pesticides, fungus, organic compounds, pollutants, and viruses inactive. An ozone generator is used to create ozone gas, which is subsequently dissolved into the water to carry out the operation. When ozone is present, it starts to oxidize and decompose dangerous materials including germs, viruses, and organic stuff. By eliminating additional pollutants and chlorine byproducts, this oxidation process not only gets rid of these contaminants but also makes the water taste and smell better overall. The capacity of ozone water pu...
Read more

pH and microbes relationship easy understand formate

Image
 p H AND MICROBES RELATIONSHIP pH:      The ‘H’ in pH is the elemental symbol for hydrogen. The ‘p’ can refer to different things in different languages, but the ‘pH’ is most commonly said to mean ‘power of hydrogen   pH is a measure of   hydrogen   ion   concentration ,   a measure of the   acidity   or   alkalinity   of a   solution . The pH scale usually ranges from 0 to 14. In simple terms, pH is a scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid. In the middle of the scale is pure distilled water, with a neutral pH of 7. Anything with a pH below 7 is an acid, and anything with a pH above 7 is an alkali, or base. pH and Microbes relationship: pH correlates strongly with microbial communities across a wide range of biogeochemical conditions  and p H also induce significant responses of metabolic activities of natural communities . In soils, pH is usually indicated as the most important dr...
Read more

Marine Food Chain - Difference Between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

Image
MARINE FOOD CHAIN Marine Food Chain A food chain illustrates the source of food for every living creature as well as the transfer of energy from one living thing to another. Large animals are at the end of food chains, which start with plants. A single route that links a producer with many tiers of consumers is called a food chain.Energy is necessary for all living things to operate. To do the tasks necessary for existence, they must use energy. Although they are not able to produce energy, living creatures are able to change one type of energy into another. The producers initiate the energy transformation cycle in the water. Producers convert energy from chemicals or the sun into organic molecules that are used as food.Microscopic plants called phytoplankton and tiny critters called zooplanktoneat plants. Lobsters and other invertebrates consume zooplankton. The invertebrate is eaten by fish and other vertebrates like cod.The largest animal is not the end of the food webs. In the natu...
Read more