pH and microbes relationship easy understand formate

 pH AND MICROBES RELATIONSHIP

pH:

   The ‘H’ in pH is the elemental symbol for hydrogen. The ‘p’ can refer to different things in different languages, but the ‘pH’ is most commonly said to mean ‘power of hydrogen pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH scale usually ranges from 0 to 14.In simple terms, pH is a scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid. In the middle of the scale is pure distilled water, with a neutral pH of 7. Anything with a pH below 7 is an acid, and anything with a pH above 7 is an alkali, or base.

pH and Microbes relationship:

pH correlates strongly with microbial communities across a wide range of biogeochemical conditions and pH also induce significant responses of metabolic activities of natural communities.In soils, pH is usually indicated as the most important driver for soil prokaryotic community structures. Previous studies evaluated microbial communities across pH gradients with high-throughput DNA sequencing and found that both archaeal and bacterial community structures are largely influenced by changes in pH.In natural environments, decreasing or increasing the environmental pH by one unit can also lower the metabolic activity of microbial communities by up to 50%.

The pH of maximum growth rate is called the optimal growth pH. Based on optimal growth pH, microbes can be separated into three groups: acidophiles grow best at pH < 5, neutrophiles grow optimally at pH between 5 and 9, and alkaliphiles grow fastest above pH 9.

Acidophiles Microbes:

An acidophile is an organism that can or must live in an acidic environment. An acidic environment is one that has a pH below 6. Acidophiles are able to live and thrive to a highly acidic environment, particularly at pH 2.0 or below. Acidophiles are considered as an extremophile.

Acidophiles live in places with extremely low pH levels (0-3), including naturally occurring solfataric fields (sulfuric volcanic fields), geysers, sulfuric acid pools, and human-created environments like acid mine drainages from coal and metal mining waste.

Example of some microorganisms:

Archaea:

ü Sulfolobales.

ü Thermoplasmatales.

ü ARMAN, in the Euryarchaeota branch of Archaea.

ü Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus, Halarchaeum acidiphilum.

Bacteria:

ü Acidobacteriota, a phylum of Bacteria.

ü Acidithiobacillales, e.g.A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans.

ü Thiobacillus prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus.

ü Acetobacteraceti, a bacterium that producesacetic acid (vinegar) from the oxidation of ethanol.

ü Alicyclobacillus.

Eukarya:

ü Mucor racemosus.

ü Urotricha.

ü Dunaliella acidophila.

 

Neutrophils:

A neutrophile refers to a neutrophilic organism that lives and thrives in an environment with a relatively neutral pH, i.e. about 6.5 to 7.5.1.The pH is a measure to determine the acidity or alkalinity. The pH of an environment is an important factor in the growth and survival of organisms. Some organisms are sensitive to the pH o their environment and would not be able to thrive if the pH is not within their tolerance range.

Example of some microorganisms:

ü Escherichia coli,

ü staphylococci,

ü Salmonella spp.

ü Most bacteria are neutrophiles, meaning they grow optimally at a pH. 

Alkaliphile:

The term “alkaliphile” is used for microorganisms that grow optimally. Alkaliphiles include prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea.Alkaliphiles are microbes that grow well between pH 8 and 10.5. Extreme alkaliphiles show optimum growth pH 10 or higher. Alkaliphiles are usually found in soda lakes and high carbonate soils and sometimes even in garden soils.Agrobacterium is an extreme alkaliphile that grows optimally at pH 12.

Example of some microorganisms:

ü Bacillus,

ü Micrococcus, 

ü Pseudomonas,

ü Streptomyces

ü eukaryotes such as yeasts and filamentous fungi



 

 























Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ozone water purification

Image
OZONE (O3)  WATER         PURIFICATION  INTRODUCTION It is well acknowledged that ozone water purification is the most efficient   FDA-approved technique for getting rid of a variety of pollutants that are frequently present in water. Ozone, often known as O3, is a very potent oxidant since it is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Because of this property, ozone is significantly more powerful than chlorine at rendering pesticides, fungus, organic compounds, pollutants, and viruses inactive. An ozone generator is used to create ozone gas, which is subsequently dissolved into the water to carry out the operation. When ozone is present, it starts to oxidize and decompose dangerous materials including germs, viruses, and organic stuff. By eliminating additional pollutants and chlorine byproducts, this oxidation process not only gets rid of these contaminants but also makes the water taste and smell better overall. The capacity of ozone water pu...
Read more

Marine Food Chain - Difference Between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

Image
MARINE FOOD CHAIN Marine Food Chain A food chain illustrates the source of food for every living creature as well as the transfer of energy from one living thing to another. Large animals are at the end of food chains, which start with plants. A single route that links a producer with many tiers of consumers is called a food chain.Energy is necessary for all living things to operate. To do the tasks necessary for existence, they must use energy. Although they are not able to produce energy, living creatures are able to change one type of energy into another. The producers initiate the energy transformation cycle in the water. Producers convert energy from chemicals or the sun into organic molecules that are used as food.Microscopic plants called phytoplankton and tiny critters called zooplanktoneat plants. Lobsters and other invertebrates consume zooplankton. The invertebrate is eaten by fish and other vertebrates like cod.The largest animal is not the end of the food webs. In the natu...
Read more